Wireless Sensors Network Kit

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Kit Documentation

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a system of spatially distributed sensor nodes that wirelessly collect and transmit data to a central server for monitoring, analysis, and visualization.

1. Overview

The WSN Kit is a modular wireless sensor network system designed for educational and experimental use. It includes:

• 5 Sensor Nodes (based on NodeMCU ESP8266)
• 2 Repeater Nodes (based on NodeMCU ESP8266)
• 1 Center Server Node (based on Raspberry Pi)
• Desktop GUI for real-time network and data visualization

2. System Architecture

The system follows a hierarchical network model:

• Sensor Nodes transmit data to Repeater Nodes
• Repeater Nodes forward the data to the Center Server
• The Server Node store, processes and visualizes the data with the Desktop GUI

Important Notes:

• Sensor → Repeater (one-way)
• Repeater → Server (one-way)
• No direct Sensor ↔ Server communication
• Each Sensor connects to only one Repeater
• Each Repeater connects to only one Repeater/Server

3. Components

Component	Quantity	Platform	Description
Sensor Node	5	NodeMCU ESP8266	Equipped with environmental sensors
Repeater Node	2	NodeMCU ESP8266	Relays data to the Server
Server Node	1	Raspberry Pi	Collects and stores data
Desktop GUI	1	Cross-platform	visualizes nodes, connections and data status

4. Sensor Types Used

Each sensor node in the WSN Kit is equipped with one or more of the following sensors:

• HR202 Humidity Sensor – Detects ambient humidity levels.
• DS18B20 Waterproof Temperature Sensor – Measures temperature in harsh or wet environments.
• M12 Smoke Sensor – Detects smoke presence in the air.
• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) – Measures light intensity.
• Push Button – Used as a manual trigger to activate a buzzer.

These sensors help demonstrate different real-world use cases such as environmental monitoring, fire detection, and user interaction.

5. Connection Flow Diagram

Sensor Node (S1) ---> Repeater Node (R1)
Sensor Node (S2) ---> Repeater Node (R1)
Sensor Node (S3) ---> Repeater Node (R2)
Sensor Node (S4) ---> Repeater Node (R2)
Sensor Node (S5) ---> Repeater Node (R2)

Repeater Node (R1) --- Repeater Node (R2)
Repeater Node (R2) ---> Server (Raspberry Pi)

7. Desktop GUI Features

• Live topology map
• Real-time data stream view
• Connection status indicators
• Node configuration panel

8. Notes

• Make sure each sensor is uniquely addressed.
• Only one repeater should handle a sensor's data.
• GUI updates every 5 seconds (customizable).